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Add comprehensive production deployment system

Browse Source 
- Complete deployment documentation (PRODUCTION_DEPLOYMENT.md)
- Automated deployment script (production-deploy.sh)
- Systemd service templates (socket + service)
- Production settings template with security best practices
- Nginx configuration template with performance optimizations
- Comprehensive troubleshooting guide
- Quick start guide for fast deployment

Fixes all issues encountered in initial deployment:
- Uses non-root django user for security
- Proper /var/www directory structure
- Unix socket instead of TCP for better performance
- Socket activation with systemd
- Correct virtual environment handling
- Production security headers and settings

🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.ai/code)

Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
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# Hostinger VPS Deployment Commands
## VPS Details
- **IP**: 69.62.81.168
- **SSH**: ssh root@69.62.81.168
- **Provider**: Hostinger
## Step-by-Step Deployment
### 1. Connect to VPS
```bash
ssh root@69.62.81.168
```
### 2. Clone Repository
```bash
cd /home/ubuntu || cd /root
mkdir -p /home/ubuntu
cd /home/ubuntu
git clone https://github.com/YOUR_USERNAME/YOUR_REPO_NAME.git django-demo
cd django-demo
```
### 3. Run Deployment Script
```bash
sudo bash deploy/deploy.sh
```
### 4. Configure Environment
```bash
sudo nano .env
```
**Set these values:**
```env
SECRET_KEY=your-super-secret-key-change-this-to-something-long-and-random
DEBUG=False
ALLOWED_HOSTS=69.62.81.168,localhost,127.0.0.1
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://demo_user:your_secure_password@localhost:5432/demo_db
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=False
```
### 5. Update Nginx Configuration
```bash
sudo nano /etc/nginx/sites-available/django-demo
```
Replace `yourdomain.com` with `69.62.81.168` in the server_name line.
### 6. Restart Services
```bash
sudo systemctl restart django-demo
sudo systemctl restart nginx
```
### 7. Check Status
```bash
sudo systemctl status django-demo
sudo systemctl status nginx
```
### 8. Test Application
Visit: http://69.62.81.168
## Troubleshooting Commands
```bash
# View Django logs
sudo journalctl -u django-demo -f
# View Nginx logs
sudo tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
# Restart services
sudo systemctl restart django-demo nginx
# Check if ports are open
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep :80
sudo netstat -tlnp | grep :8000
```
## Creating Admin User
```bash
cd /home/ubuntu/django-demo
source venv/bin/activate
python manage.py createsuperuser
```
Access admin at: http://69.62.81.168/admin

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# Production Django Deployment Guide
A comprehensive, battle-tested guide for deploying Django applications on VPS with proper security and performance.
## 🎯 **Overview**
This guide follows Django best practices and avoids common pitfalls we encountered:
- ❌ **Avoid**: Running as root, wrong directories, TCP sockets, hardcoded paths
- ✅ **Use**: Non-root user, `/var/www/`, Unix sockets, proper systemd configuration
## 📋 **Prerequisites**
- Ubuntu 20.04+ VPS with root access
- Domain name (optional, can use IP address)
- Git repository with Django project
## 🚀 **Step 1: VPS Initial Setup**
### Connect and Update System
```bash
ssh root@YOUR_VPS_IP
apt update && apt upgrade -y
```
### Install Required Packages
```bash
apt install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
nginx postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev \
build-essential curl git ufw
```
### Create Non-Root User
```bash
adduser django --disabled-password --gecos ''
usermod -aG sudo django
```
### Configure SSH for New User (Optional)
```bash
mkdir -p /home/django/.ssh
cp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys /home/django/.ssh/
chown -R django:django /home/django/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/django/.ssh
chmod 600 /home/django/.ssh/authorized_keys
```
## 🗂️ **Step 2: Project Setup**
### Create Project Directory
```bash
mkdir -p /var/www
chown django:www-data /var/www
```
### Clone Project (as django user)
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www
git clone YOUR_REPO_URL django-app
cd django-app
"
```
### Create Virtual Environment
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
"
```
## ⚙️ **Step 3: Django Configuration**
### Environment Variables
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
cp .env.example .env
# Edit .env with production settings
"
```
**Required .env settings:**
```env
SECRET_KEY=your-super-secret-key-generate-new-one
DEBUG=False
ALLOWED_HOSTS=yourdomain.com,www.yourdomain.com,YOUR_VPS_IP
DATABASE_URL=postgresql://dbuser:dbpassword@localhost/dbname
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=False # Set True after SSL setup
```
### Run Django Setup
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
source venv/bin/activate
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createsuperuser
"
```
## 🔧 **Step 4: Gunicorn with systemd**
### Create Gunicorn Socket
```bash
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF
```
### Create Gunicorn Service
```bash
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn daemon for Django app
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=django
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/django-app
Environment=DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=PROJECT_NAME.settings
EnvironmentFile=/var/www/django-app/.env
ExecStart=/var/www/django-app/venv/bin/gunicorn \
--workers 3 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
PROJECT_NAME.wsgi:application
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
```
**⚠️ Replace `PROJECT_NAME` with your actual Django project name!**
### Start Services
```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start gunicorn.socket
systemctl enable gunicorn.socket
systemctl status gunicorn.socket
```
## 🌐 **Step 5: Nginx Configuration**
### Create Nginx Site Config
```bash
cat > /etc/nginx/sites-available/django-app << 'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name YOUR_DOMAIN.com www.YOUR_DOMAIN.com YOUR_VPS_IP;
# Security headers
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
# Gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
location / {
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
}
location /static/ {
alias /var/www/django-app/staticfiles/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
location /media/ {
alias /var/www/django-app/media/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
# Block access to sensitive files
location ~* /\.(?!well-known\/) {
deny all;
}
location ~* /(requirements\.txt|\.env|deploy/|\.git/) {
deny all;
}
}
EOF
```
### Enable Site
```bash
ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/django-app /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
```
## 🔒 **Step 6: Security & Firewall**
### Configure UFW Firewall
```bash
ufw default deny incoming
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw allow ssh
ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
ufw --force enable
ufw status
```
## 🔐 **Step 7: SSL Certificate (Optional)**
### Install Certbot
```bash
apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx -y
```
### Get SSL Certificate
```bash
certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com -d www.yourdomain.com
```
### Update Environment for HTTPS
```bash
# In /var/www/django-app/.env
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=True
```
## ✅ **Step 8: Verification**
### Test Application
```bash
curl -I http://YOUR_VPS_IP # Should return 200 OK
```
### Check Services
```bash
systemctl status gunicorn.socket
systemctl status gunicorn.service
systemctl status nginx
```
### View Logs
```bash
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f # Django logs
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log # Nginx logs
```
## 🔄 **Deployment Updates**
### Update Code
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
git pull origin main
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
"
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
```
## 🚨 **Common Issues & Solutions**
### Issue: 502 Bad Gateway
**Cause**: Gunicorn not running or socket issues
**Solution**:
```bash
systemctl status gunicorn.service
systemctl restart gunicorn.socket
```
### Issue: Static files not loading
**Cause**: Nginx can't access staticfiles directory
**Solution**:
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py collectstatic --noinput"
```
### Issue: Permission denied
**Cause**: Wrong file ownership
**Solution**:
```bash
chown -R django:www-data /var/www/django-app
```
### Issue: ModuleNotFoundError
**Cause**: Virtual environment not recreated after moving files
**Solution**:
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && rm -rf venv && python3 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install -r requirements.txt"
```
## 📝 **Quick Commands Reference**
```bash
# Service management
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
systemctl restart nginx
systemctl status gunicorn.service
# View logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
# Django management
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py COMMAND"
```
## 🎯 **Key Differences from Our Initial Approach**
1. **User**: Use `django` user instead of `root`
2. **Location**: Use `/var/www/django-app` instead of `/root/django-demo`
3. **Socket**: Use Unix socket instead of TCP
4. **Virtual Environment**: Always recreate in target location
5. **Systemd**: Use socket activation with proper service file
6. **Security**: Proper file permissions and firewall rules
This configuration is production-ready, secure, and follows Django best practices.

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# Django VPS Quick Start Guide
🚀 **One-command deployment for Django on VPS!**
## ⚡ **Super Quick Start (5 minutes)**
1. **SSH into your VPS:**
```bash
ssh root@YOUR_VPS_IP
```
2. **Run the automated deployment:**
```bash
curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/thecyberlearn/hostinger-django-demo/main/deploy/production-deploy.sh | sudo bash
```
3. **Follow the prompts:**
- Enter your Git repository URL
- Enter your domain name (optional)
- Enter your VPS IP address
4. **Done!** Your Django app will be live at `http://YOUR_VPS_IP`
## 📋 **Manual Quick Start (10 minutes)**
If you prefer step-by-step control:
### **Step 1: System Setup (2 minutes)**
```bash
# Update system
apt update && apt upgrade -y
# Install packages
apt install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
nginx postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev \
build-essential curl git ufw
# Create user
adduser django --disabled-password --gecos ''
usermod -aG sudo django
```
### **Step 2: Clone Project (1 minute)**
```bash
# Setup directory
mkdir -p /var/www && chown django:www-data /var/www
# Clone your project
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www && git clone YOUR_REPO_URL django-app"
```
### **Step 3: Python Setup (2 minutes)**
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
"
```
### **Step 4: Django Configuration (2 minutes)**
```bash
# Copy environment file
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && cp .env.example .env"
# Edit .env file with your settings
nano /var/www/django-app/.env
# Run Django setup
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
source venv/bin/activate
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
"
```
### **Step 5: Services Setup (3 minutes)**
```bash
# Create Gunicorn socket
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF
# Create Gunicorn service (replace demo_project with your project name)
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn daemon for Django app
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=django
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/django-app
Environment=DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=demo_project.settings
EnvironmentFile=/var/www/django-app/.env
ExecStart=/var/www/django-app/venv/bin/gunicorn \
--workers 3 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
demo_project.wsgi:application
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
# Start services
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start gunicorn.socket
systemctl enable gunicorn.socket
# Configure Nginx (replace YOUR_VPS_IP)
cat > /etc/nginx/sites-available/django-app << 'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name YOUR_VPS_IP;
location / {
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
}
location /static/ {
alias /var/www/django-app/staticfiles/;
}
}
EOF
# Enable Nginx
ln -sf /etc/nginx/sites-available/django-app /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
nginx -t && systemctl restart nginx
# Configure firewall
ufw allow ssh && ufw allow 'Nginx Full' && ufw --force enable
```
## ✅ **Verification**
Your Django app should now be live! Test with:
```bash
curl -I http://YOUR_VPS_IP
```
You should see `HTTP/1.1 200 OK`
## 🔧 **Post-Deployment**
1. **Create superuser:**
```bash
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py createsuperuser"
```
2. **Access admin:** `http://YOUR_VPS_IP/admin`
3. **Add SSL certificate (optional):**
```bash
apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
certbot --nginx -d yourdomain.com
```
## 🚨 **If Something Goes Wrong**
1. **Check service status:**
```bash
systemctl status gunicorn.service nginx
```
2. **View logs:**
```bash
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
```
3. **Common fixes:**
```bash
# Restart services
systemctl restart gunicorn.service nginx
# Fix permissions
chown -R django:www-data /var/www/django-app
# Recreate virtual environment
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && rm -rf venv && python3 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install -r requirements.txt"
```
## 📚 **What's Different from Before**
Our **old problematic approach:**
- ❌ Used root user
- ❌ Wrong directory (`/root/django-demo`)
- ❌ TCP socket instead of Unix socket
- ❌ Hardcoded paths in virtual environment
Our **new bulletproof approach:**
- ✅ Non-root `django` user
- ✅ Standard `/var/www/django-app` directory
- ✅ Unix socket for better performance
- ✅ Proper file permissions and security
- ✅ Follows Django deployment best practices
## 🎯 **Why This Works Better**
1. **Security:** Non-root user with minimal privileges
2. **Performance:** Unix sockets are faster than TCP
3. **Reliability:** Socket activation prevents startup issues
4. **Maintainability:** Standard directory structure
5. **Scalability:** Proper systemd integration
This setup is **production-ready** and follows **Django best practices**!
---
**Need help?** Check `TROUBLESHOOTING.md` for detailed solutions to common issues.

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# Django VPS Deployment Troubleshooting Guide
A comprehensive guide to diagnose and fix common issues during Django VPS deployment.
## 🔍 **Quick Diagnosis Commands**
Before diving into specific issues, run these commands to get an overview:
```bash
# Check all services status
systemctl status gunicorn.socket gunicorn.service nginx
# Test HTTP response
curl -I http://YOUR_VPS_IP
# Check disk space
df -h
# Check memory usage
free -m
# View recent logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -n 20
tail -20 /var/log/nginx/error.log
```
## 🚨 **Common Issues & Solutions**
### **Issue 1: 502 Bad Gateway**
**Symptoms:**
- Nginx returns 502 Bad Gateway
- Website is unreachable
**Diagnosis:**
```bash
systemctl status gunicorn.service
curl http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock # Test socket directly
```
**Common Causes & Solutions:**
#### 1.1 Gunicorn Service Not Running
```bash
# Check status
systemctl status gunicorn.service
# If failed, check logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -n 50
# Restart service
systemctl restart gunicorn.socket
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
```
#### 1.2 Socket Permission Issues
```bash
# Check socket permissions
ls -la /run/gunicorn.sock
# Fix permissions if needed
sudo chown django:www-data /run/gunicorn.sock
```
#### 1.3 Virtual Environment Issues
```bash
# Recreate virtual environment
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/django-app
rm -rf venv
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
"
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
```
---
### **Issue 2: 500 Internal Server Error**
**Symptoms:**
- Django returns 500 error
- HTTP 500 in curl response
**Diagnosis:**
```bash
# Check Django logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f
# Check Django settings
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py check --deploy"
```
**Common Causes & Solutions:**
#### 2.1 ModuleNotFoundError
**Error:** `No module named 'your_project.urls'`
**Solution:**
```bash
# Check project structure
ls -la /var/www/django-app/
# Ensure DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE is correct in systemd service
grep DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service
# Update if wrong project name
sed -i 's/demo_project/YOUR_ACTUAL_PROJECT_NAME/g' /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
```
#### 2.2 Database Connection Issues
**Solution:**
```bash
# Test database connection
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py dbshell"
# Check .env file
cat /var/www/django-app/.env
# Run migrations if needed
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py migrate"
```
#### 2.3 Missing Static Files
**Solution:**
```bash
# Collect static files
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py collectstatic --noinput"
# Check static files directory
ls -la /var/www/django-app/staticfiles/
```
---
### **Issue 3: Static Files Not Loading (CSS/JS Missing)**
**Symptoms:**
- Website loads but no styling
- 404 errors for CSS/JS files
**Diagnosis:**
```bash
# Check nginx config
nginx -t
cat /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/django-app
# Test static file access
curl -I http://YOUR_VPS_IP/static/admin/css/base.css
```
**Solutions:**
```bash
# 1. Collect static files
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py collectstatic --noinput"
# 2. Check nginx static files configuration
grep -A 5 "location /static/" /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/django-app
# 3. Fix permissions
chown -R django:www-data /var/www/django-app/staticfiles/
chmod -R 755 /var/www/django-app/staticfiles/
# 4. Restart nginx
systemctl restart nginx
```
---
### **Issue 4: Permission Denied Errors**
**Symptoms:**
- Various permission denied errors in logs
- Services failing to start
**Solutions:**
```bash
# Fix project ownership
chown -R django:www-data /var/www/django-app
# Fix socket permissions
chown django:www-data /run/gunicorn.sock
# Fix log directory permissions
mkdir -p /var/log/django
chown -R django:www-data /var/log/django
# Restart services
systemctl restart gunicorn.service
```
---
### **Issue 5: Firewall Blocking Connections**
**Symptoms:**
- Connection timeout from external IPs
- Works locally but not from internet
**Diagnosis:**
```bash
# Check firewall status
ufw status
# Test local connection
curl -I http://127.0.0.1
```
**Solutions:**
```bash
# Allow HTTP and HTTPS
ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
ufw allow 80
ufw allow 443
# Reload firewall
ufw reload
# Check status
ufw status
```
---
### **Issue 6: SSL/HTTPS Issues**
**Symptoms:**
- SSL certificate errors
- HTTPS redirects not working
**Solutions:**
```bash
# Check SSL certificate
certbot certificates
# Renew certificate
certbot renew
# Test nginx config
nginx -t
# Check SSL-related settings in .env
grep SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT /var/www/django-app/.env
```
---
## 🔧 **Advanced Debugging**
### **Check System Resources**
```bash
# Check disk space
df -h
# Check memory usage
free -m
htop
# Check CPU usage
top
# Check open files
lsof | grep django
```
### **Network Debugging**
```bash
# Check listening ports
ss -tulpn | grep :80
ss -tulpn | grep :443
ss -tulpn | grep gunicorn
# Check network connections
netstat -tlnp
# Test DNS resolution
nslookup YOUR_DOMAIN
```
### **Log Analysis**
```bash
# Real-time Django logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f
# Real-time Nginx logs
tail -f /var/log/nginx/access.log
tail -f /var/log/nginx/error.log
# Search for specific errors
journalctl -u gunicorn.service | grep ERROR
grep "500" /var/log/nginx/access.log
```
## 📊 **Health Check Script**
Create this script to quickly check your deployment health:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# Save as health-check.sh
echo "🏥 Django Deployment Health Check"
echo "================================"
# Service status
echo "📊 Service Status:"
systemctl is-active gunicorn.socket && echo "✅ Gunicorn Socket: Active" || echo "❌ Gunicorn Socket: Inactive"
systemctl is-active gunicorn.service && echo "✅ Gunicorn Service: Active" || echo "❌ Gunicorn Service: Inactive"
systemctl is-active nginx && echo "✅ Nginx: Active" || echo "❌ Nginx: Inactive"
# HTTP test
echo -e "\n🌐 HTTP Response:"
HTTP_CODE=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost)
if [ "$HTTP_CODE" = "200" ]; then
echo "✅ HTTP Response: $HTTP_CODE (OK)"
else
echo "❌ HTTP Response: $HTTP_CODE"
fi
# Disk space
echo -e "\n💾 Disk Usage:"
df -h | grep -E "/$|/var"
# Memory usage
echo -e "\n🧠 Memory Usage:"
free -m | grep Mem
# Recent errors
echo -e "\n🚨 Recent Errors (last 10 lines):"
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -n 10 --no-pager | grep -i error || echo "No recent errors found"
echo -e "\n✅ Health check complete!"
```
## 🆘 **Emergency Recovery**
If everything is broken, try this recovery sequence:
```bash
# 1. Stop all services
systemctl stop gunicorn.service nginx
# 2. Check project files
ls -la /var/www/django-app/
# 3. Recreate virtual environment
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && rm -rf venv && python3 -m venv venv && source venv/bin/activate && pip install -r requirements.txt"
# 4. Run Django checks
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py check"
# 5. Collect static files
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/django-app && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py collectstatic --noinput"
# 6. Fix permissions
chown -R django:www-data /var/www/django-app
# 7. Restart services
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start gunicorn.socket nginx
# 8. Test
curl -I http://localhost
```
## 📞 **Getting Help**
If you're still stuck:
1. **Collect information:**
```bash
# System info
uname -a
lsb_release -a
# Service status
systemctl status gunicorn.service nginx
# Recent logs
journalctl -u gunicorn.service -n 50
tail -50 /var/log/nginx/error.log
```
2. **Check Django docs:** https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/howto/deployment/
3. **Check Gunicorn docs:** https://docs.gunicorn.org/
4. **Check Nginx docs:** https://nginx.org/en/docs/
Remember: Most deployment issues are caused by:
- File permissions
- Incorrect paths
- Missing dependencies
- Configuration typos
- Firewall rules
Take it step by step and check each component individually!

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#!/bin/bash
# Django Production Deployment Script
# Tested and battle-hardened for VPS deployment
# Usage: sudo bash production-deploy.sh
set -e
# Colors for output
RED='\033[0;31m'
GREEN='\033[0;32m'
YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
BLUE='\033[0;34m'
NC='\033[0m' # No Color
# Configuration
PROJECT_NAME="demo_project" # Change this to your Django project name
APP_NAME="django-app"
REPO_URL="" # Will be set by user input
DOMAIN="" # Will be set by user input
VPS_IP="" # Will be set by user input
echo -e "${BLUE}🚀 Django Production Deployment Script${NC}"
echo -e "${BLUE}======================================${NC}"
# Check if running as root
if [ "$EUID" -ne 0 ]; then
echo -e "${RED}❌ Please run this script as root (use sudo)${NC}"
exit 1
fi
# Get user input
echo -e "${YELLOW}📝 Configuration Setup${NC}"
read -p "Enter your Git repository URL: " REPO_URL
read -p "Enter your domain name (or press Enter to skip): " DOMAIN
read -p "Enter your VPS IP address: " VPS_IP
if [ -z "$REPO_URL" ]; then
echo -e "${RED}❌ Repository URL is required${NC}"
exit 1
fi
if [ -z "$VPS_IP" ]; then
echo -e "${RED}❌ VPS IP address is required${NC}"
exit 1
fi
echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Configuration set:${NC}"
echo -e "Repository: $REPO_URL"
echo -e "Domain: ${DOMAIN:-'Not set - will use IP'}"
echo -e "VPS IP: $VPS_IP"
echo
# Function to print status
print_status() {
echo -e "${GREEN}✅ $1${NC}"
}
print_progress() {
echo -e "${YELLOW}🔄 $1${NC}"
}
# Step 1: System packages
print_progress "Installing system packages..."
apt update
apt install -y python3 python3-pip python3-venv python3-dev \
nginx postgresql postgresql-contrib libpq-dev \
build-essential curl git ufw
print_status "System packages installed"
# Step 2: Create user
print_progress "Creating django user..."
if ! id "django" &>/dev/null; then
adduser django --disabled-password --gecos ''
usermod -aG sudo django
print_status "Django user created"
else
print_status "Django user already exists"
fi
# Copy SSH keys if they exist
if [ -d "/root/.ssh" ] && [ -f "/root/.ssh/authorized_keys" ]; then
print_progress "Copying SSH keys to django user..."
mkdir -p /home/django/.ssh
cp /root/.ssh/authorized_keys /home/django/.ssh/
chown -R django:django /home/django/.ssh
chmod 700 /home/django/.ssh
chmod 600 /home/django/.ssh/authorized_keys
print_status "SSH keys copied"
fi
# Step 3: Project setup
print_progress "Setting up project directory..."
mkdir -p /var/www
chown django:www-data /var/www
# Clone or update project
if [ -d "/var/www/$APP_NAME" ]; then
print_progress "Updating existing project..."
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www/$APP_NAME && git pull origin main"
else
print_progress "Cloning project..."
sudo -u django bash -c "cd /var/www && git clone $REPO_URL $APP_NAME"
fi
print_status "Project setup complete"
# Step 4: Virtual environment
print_progress "Setting up virtual environment..."
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/$APP_NAME
rm -rf venv
python3 -m venv venv
source venv/bin/activate
pip install --upgrade pip
pip install -r requirements.txt
"
print_status "Virtual environment created"
# Step 5: Environment configuration
print_progress "Configuring environment..."
if [ ! -f "/var/www/$APP_NAME/.env" ]; then
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/$APP_NAME
cp .env.example .env
"
# Generate secret key
SECRET_KEY=$(python3 -c 'from django.core.management.utils import get_random_secret_key; print(get_random_secret_key())')
# Configure .env
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/$APP_NAME
sed -i 's/SECRET_KEY=.*/SECRET_KEY=$SECRET_KEY/' .env
sed -i 's/DEBUG=.*/DEBUG=False/' .env
sed -i 's/ALLOWED_HOSTS=.*/ALLOWED_HOSTS=${DOMAIN:-$VPS_IP},$VPS_IP,localhost,127.0.0.1/' .env
sed -i 's/SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=.*/SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=False/' .env
"
print_status "Environment configured"
else
print_status "Environment file already exists"
fi
# Step 6: Django setup
print_progress "Running Django setup..."
sudo -u django bash -c "
cd /var/www/$APP_NAME
source venv/bin/activate
python manage.py collectstatic --noinput
python manage.py migrate
"
print_status "Django setup complete"
# Step 7: Systemd configuration
print_progress "Setting up Gunicorn service..."
# Create socket file
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket << EOF
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
EOF
# Create service file
cat > /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn daemon for Django app
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=django
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/$APP_NAME
Environment=DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=$PROJECT_NAME.settings
EnvironmentFile=/var/www/$APP_NAME/.env
ExecStart=/var/www/$APP_NAME/venv/bin/gunicorn \\
--workers 3 \\
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \\
$PROJECT_NAME.wsgi:application
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start gunicorn.socket
systemctl enable gunicorn.socket
print_status "Gunicorn service configured"
# Step 8: Nginx configuration
print_progress "Setting up Nginx..."
NGINX_CONFIG="/etc/nginx/sites-available/$APP_NAME"
cat > $NGINX_CONFIG << EOF
server {
listen 80;
server_name ${DOMAIN:-$VPS_IP} $VPS_IP;
# Security headers
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
# Gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml application/xml application/xml+rss text/javascript;
location / {
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
}
location /static/ {
alias /var/www/$APP_NAME/staticfiles/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
}
location /media/ {
alias /var/www/$APP_NAME/media/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
# Block access to sensitive files
location ~* /\.(?!well-known\/) {
deny all;
}
location ~* /(requirements\\.txt|\\.env|deploy/|\\.git/) {
deny all;
}
}
EOF
# Enable site
ln -sf $NGINX_CONFIG /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
rm -f /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default
# Test and restart nginx
nginx -t
systemctl restart nginx
print_status "Nginx configured"
# Step 9: Firewall
print_progress "Configuring firewall..."
ufw default deny incoming
ufw default allow outgoing
ufw allow ssh
ufw allow 'Nginx Full'
ufw --force enable
print_status "Firewall configured"
# Step 10: Final checks
print_progress "Running final checks..."
# Check services
if systemctl is-active --quiet gunicorn.socket && systemctl is-active --quiet nginx; then
print_status "All services are running"
else
echo -e "${RED}❌ Some services are not running. Check logs:${NC}"
echo "sudo systemctl status gunicorn.service"
echo "sudo systemctl status nginx"
fi
# Test HTTP response
echo -e "${YELLOW}🔍 Testing application...${NC}"
sleep 2
HTTP_STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://$VPS_IP || echo "000")
if [ "$HTTP_STATUS" = "200" ]; then
print_status "Application is responding correctly"
else
echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️ HTTP Status: $HTTP_STATUS (check configuration)${NC}"
fi
echo -e "${GREEN}🎉 Deployment Complete!${NC}"
echo -e "${BLUE}===================${NC}"
echo -e "🌐 Application URL: http://$VPS_IP"
if [ -n "$DOMAIN" ]; then
echo -e "🌐 Domain URL: http://$DOMAIN"
fi
echo -e "🔧 Admin Panel: http://$VPS_IP/admin"
echo
echo -e "${YELLOW}📋 Next Steps:${NC}"
echo -e "1. Create Django superuser: sudo -u django bash -c 'cd /var/www/$APP_NAME && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py createsuperuser'"
if [ -n "$DOMAIN" ]; then
echo -e "2. Set up SSL certificate: sudo certbot --nginx -d $DOMAIN"
echo -e "3. Update SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=True in .env after SSL setup"
fi
echo
echo -e "${YELLOW}🔧 Useful Commands:${NC}"
echo -e "Restart Django: sudo systemctl restart gunicorn.service"
echo -e "View logs: sudo journalctl -u gunicorn.service -f"
echo -e "Update code: sudo -u django bash -c 'cd /var/www/$APP_NAME && git pull && source venv/bin/activate && python manage.py migrate && python manage.py collectstatic --noinput' && sudo systemctl restart gunicorn.service"
echo -e "${GREEN}✅ Ready for production!${NC}"

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# Production Environment Variables Template
# Copy to .env and customize values
# Django Core Settings
SECRET_KEY=your-super-secret-key-generate-a-new-one-for-production
DEBUG=False
ALLOWED_HOSTS=yourdomain.com,www.yourdomain.com,your-vps-ip
# Database Configuration (choose one method)
# Method 1: DATABASE_URL (recommended for PostgreSQL)
# Replace with your actual database credentials
# DATABASE_URL=postgresql://username:password@localhost:5432/database_name
# Method 2: Individual PostgreSQL settings (alternative to DATABASE_URL)
# DB_ENGINE=django.db.backends.postgresql
# DB_NAME=your_database_name
# DB_USER=your_database_user
# DB_PASSWORD=your_database_password
# DB_HOST=localhost
# DB_PORT=5432
# Security Settings
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT=False # Set to True after SSL certificate is installed
# Email Configuration (optional)
# EMAIL_HOST=smtp.yourmailprovider.com
# EMAIL_PORT=587
# EMAIL_USE_TLS=True
# EMAIL_HOST_USER=your_email@yourdomain.com
# EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD=your_email_password
# DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL=noreply@yourdomain.com
# Cache Configuration (optional - if using Redis)
# REDIS_URL=redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1
# Custom Application Settings
# Add any custom environment variables your app needs below
# CUSTOM_API_KEY=your_api_key
# EXTERNAL_SERVICE_URL=https://api.example.com

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# Gunicorn Service Template
# Copy to: /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.service
# Replace: {{PROJECT_NAME}}, {{APP_NAME}}
[Unit]
Description=Gunicorn daemon for {{APP_NAME}}
Requires=gunicorn.socket
After=network.target
[Service]
User=django
Group=www-data
WorkingDirectory=/var/www/{{APP_NAME}}
Environment=DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE={{PROJECT_NAME}}.settings
EnvironmentFile=/var/www/{{APP_NAME}}/.env
ExecStart=/var/www/{{APP_NAME}}/venv/bin/gunicorn \
--workers 3 \
--bind unix:/run/gunicorn.sock \
{{PROJECT_NAME}}.wsgi:application
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

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# Gunicorn Socket Template
# Copy to: /etc/systemd/system/gunicorn.socket
[Unit]
Description=gunicorn socket
[Socket]
ListenStream=/run/gunicorn.sock
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target

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# Nginx Configuration Template
# Copy to: /etc/nginx/sites-available/{{APP_NAME}}
# Replace: {{DOMAIN}}, {{VPS_IP}}, {{APP_NAME}}
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{DOMAIN}} {{VPS_IP}};
# Security headers
add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block" always;
add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;
add_header Referrer-Policy "no-referrer-when-downgrade" always;
add_header Content-Security-Policy "default-src 'self' 'unsafe-inline' 'unsafe-eval' data: blob:;" always;
# Gzip compression
gzip on;
gzip_vary on;
gzip_min_length 1024;
gzip_proxied any;
gzip_comp_level 6;
gzip_types
text/plain
text/css
text/xml
text/javascript
application/json
application/javascript
application/xml+rss
application/atom+xml
image/svg+xml;
# Rate limiting
limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=login:10m rate=10r/m;
location / {
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
# Timeout settings
proxy_connect_timeout 60s;
proxy_send_timeout 60s;
proxy_read_timeout 60s;
}
location /static/ {
alias /var/www/{{APP_NAME}}/staticfiles/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
# Optional: Serve compressed files
location ~* \.(css|js)$ {
gzip_static on;
}
}
location /media/ {
alias /var/www/{{APP_NAME}}/media/;
expires 1y;
add_header Cache-Control "public";
}
# Django admin rate limiting
location /admin/login/ {
limit_req zone=login burst=5 nodelay;
include proxy_params;
proxy_pass http://unix:/run/gunicorn.sock;
}
# Block access to sensitive files
location ~* /\.(?!well-known\/) {
deny all;
}
location ~* /(requirements\.txt|\.env|deploy/|\.git/|venv/) {
deny all;
}
# Optional: favicon
location = /favicon.ico {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
# Optional: robots.txt
location = /robots.txt {
log_not_found off;
access_log off;
}
}
# HTTPS Configuration (uncomment after SSL setup)
# server {
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# server_name {{DOMAIN}};
#
# ssl_certificate /etc/letsencrypt/live/{{DOMAIN}}/fullchain.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/{{DOMAIN}}/privkey.pem;
#
# # SSL Security
# ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
# ssl_ciphers ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;
#
# # HSTS
# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
#
# # Include the same location blocks as HTTP version above
# }

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"""
Production Django Settings Template
Copy this to your Django project and customize as needed.
"""
import os
from pathlib import Path
from decouple import config
import dj_database_url
# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = config('SECRET_KEY')
# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = config('DEBUG', default=False, cast=bool)
ALLOWED_HOSTS = config('ALLOWED_HOSTS', cast=lambda v: [s.strip() for s in v.split(',')])
# Application definition
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Add your apps here
'core',
]
MIDDLEWARE = [
'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
'whitenoise.middleware.WhiteNoiseMiddleware', # Static files middleware
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]
ROOT_URLCONF = 'demo_project.urls' # Change to your project name
TEMPLATES = [
{
'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
'DIRS': [],
'APP_DIRS': True,
'OPTIONS': {
'context_processors': [
'django.template.context_processors.debug',
'django.template.context_processors.request',
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
],
},
},
]
WSGI_APPLICATION = 'demo_project.wsgi.application' # Change to your project name
# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#databases
# Primary database configuration - supports both SQLite and PostgreSQL
DATABASE_URL = config('DATABASE_URL', default=None)
if DATABASE_URL:
# Production: Use DATABASE_URL (recommended)
DATABASES = {
'default': dj_database_url.parse(DATABASE_URL)
}
else:
# Development: Use SQLite
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3',
'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',
}
}
# Password validation
AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',
},
{
'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',
},
]
# Internationalization
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'
TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'
USE_I18N = True
USE_TZ = True
# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATIC_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'staticfiles'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [
# Add your static directories here if needed
# BASE_DIR / 'static',
]
# Media files (user uploads)
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
MEDIA_ROOT = BASE_DIR / 'media'
# Static files storage
STATICFILES_STORAGE = 'whitenoise.storage.CompressedManifestStaticFilesStorage'
# Default primary key field type
DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.BigAutoField'
# Security settings for production
if not DEBUG:
# HTTPS settings
SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT = config('SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT', default=False, cast=bool)
SECURE_PROXY_SSL_HEADER = ('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO', 'https')
# Security headers
SECURE_BROWSER_XSS_FILTER = True
SECURE_CONTENT_TYPE_NOSNIFF = True
SECURE_HSTS_SECONDS = 31536000 # 1 year
SECURE_HSTS_INCLUDE_SUBDOMAINS = True
SECURE_HSTS_PRELOAD = True
# Session security
SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT
SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
SESSION_COOKIE_AGE = 3600 # 1 hour
# CSRF security
CSRF_COOKIE_SECURE = SECURE_SSL_REDIRECT
CSRF_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True
# Additional security
X_FRAME_OPTIONS = 'DENY'
SECURE_REFERRER_POLICY = 'same-origin'
# Logging configuration
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'formatters': {
'verbose': {
'format': '{levelname} {asctime} {module} {process:d} {thread:d} {message}',
'style': '{',
},
'simple': {
'format': '{levelname} {message}',
'style': '{',
},
},
'handlers': {
'file': {
'level': 'INFO',
'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler',
'filename': BASE_DIR / 'logs' / 'django.log',
'maxBytes': 1024*1024*15, # 15MB
'backupCount': 10,
'formatter': 'verbose',
},
'console': {
'level': 'INFO',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler',
'formatter': 'simple',
},
},
'root': {
'handlers': ['console', 'file'] if not DEBUG else ['console'],
'level': 'INFO',
},
'loggers': {
'django': {
'handlers': ['console', 'file'] if not DEBUG else ['console'],
'level': 'INFO',
'propagate': False,
},
},
}
# Create logs directory if it doesn't exist
if not DEBUG:
(BASE_DIR / 'logs').mkdir(exist_ok=True)
# Email configuration (optional)
if not DEBUG:
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
EMAIL_HOST = config('EMAIL_HOST', default='localhost')
EMAIL_PORT = config('EMAIL_PORT', default=587, cast=int)
EMAIL_USE_TLS = config('EMAIL_USE_TLS', default=True, cast=bool)
EMAIL_HOST_USER = config('EMAIL_HOST_USER', default='')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = config('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD', default='')
DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL = config('DEFAULT_FROM_EMAIL', default='noreply@yourdomain.com')
# Cache configuration (optional - uncomment to use Redis)
# CACHES = {
# 'default': {
# 'BACKEND': 'django_redis.cache.RedisCache',
# 'LOCATION': config('REDIS_URL', default='redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'),
# 'OPTIONS': {
# 'CLIENT_CLASS': 'django_redis.client.DefaultClient',
# }
# }
# }
# Session configuration (optional - uncomment to use Redis for sessions)
# SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache'
# SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = 'default'